Principal Primary Readings

Ernst Fraenkel, The Dual State: A Contribution to the Theory of Dictatorship (1941), p. 171-187.

Franz Neumann, Behemoth: The Structure and Practice of National Socialism, 1933–1944 (New York: Octagon Books, 1963). Please read pp. 221-8. This text is also available through HathiTrust via CLIO.

Franz Neumann, “Economics and Politics in the Twentieth Century,” in Democratic and Authoritarian State (1951)

Friedrich Pollock, “State Capitalism: Its Possibilities and Limitations,” Studies in Philosophy and Social Research, vol. IX, no. 2, 1941, p. 207.

Otto Kirchheimer, “Memo on Horkheimer and State Capitalism” (in German), dated May 1940 in New York.

Principal Secondary Readings

Clara Maier, “Legal Counter-Revolution: Property and Judicial Power in the Weimar Republic,” draft, forthcoming in Modern Intellectual History (2023). 

Jens Meierhenrich, The Remnants of the Rechtsstaat. An Ethnography of Nazi Law (New York: Oxford, 2018), Chapter 2 (“Behemoth and Beyond: Theories of the Nazi State”)

William E. Scheuerman, Between the Norm and the Exception: The Frankfurt School and the Rule of Law (Cambridge: MIT, 1997), pp. 149-55, 157-63.

William E. Scheuerman, “Recalling and/or Repressing German Marxism? The Case of Ernst Fraenkel,” Modern Intellectual History, vol. 19 (2022), pp. 971-981.

Additional Readings